Current Focus: Data governance, AI infrastructure, and digital identity systems in the Global South.
Source: The Economic Times
Source: People's Army Newspaper
This working paper analyzes the political economy of artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure in Vietnam. Through the lenses of neoliberalism and dependency theory, the paper argues that Vietnam follows a hybrid model of digital development: it liberalizes its AI infrastructure sector to attract investment, while retaining regulatory control over critical data flows. Vietnam's legal frameworks, including the 2024 Telecommunications Decree and Data Law, enable foreign operation of AI-enabling infrastructure but reserve discretion over access to national databases and cross-border data transfers. The paper contrasts Vietnam's approach with China's state-capitalist model, arguing that Vietnam's strategy reflects negotiated dependency rather than techno-nationalist autonomy.